Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis)

Swimmer's itch, also known as cercarial dermatitis or avian schistosome dermatitis, is a skin condition that occurs after exposure to certain parasites found in freshwater bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers. It is caused by the larvae of certain parasites, particularly flatworms called schistosomes, that are normally found in the bloodstream of water birds and mammals.

Here are some key points about swimmer's itch:

1.     Causes: Swimmer's itch is caused by an allergic reaction to the larvae of certain parasites, typically schistosomes, that are released into the water by infected snails. When these larvae come into contact with human skin, they can burrow into the upper layers of the skin, causing an allergic reaction and resulting in swimmer's itch.

2.     Transmission: Swimmer's itch is not contagious and cannot be directly transmitted from person to person. It is acquired through exposure to water bodies inhabited by infected snails. The parasites infect the snails, multiply, and are released into the water. When humans come into contact with the contaminated water, the parasites can penetrate the skin and cause the allergic reaction.

3.     Symptoms: The symptoms of swimmer's itch typically appear within hours after exposure to contaminated water and may include:

·       Itchy skin

·       Redness or rash

·       Small, raised bumps or blisters

·       Tingling or burning sensation

·       In some cases, mild fever, headache, or fatigue

4.     Treatment: In most cases, swimmer's itch does not require medical treatment and resolves on its own within a week or two. However, there are measures that can help alleviate symptoms and promote healing:

·       Avoid scratching the affected area to prevent further irritation or potential infection.

·       Applying cool compresses or taking cool showers may help relieve itching.

·       Over-the-counter anti-itch creams or lotions, such as calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream, can provide temporary relief.

·       Oral antihistamines may be recommended to reduce itching and allergic reactions.

·       In rare cases, if symptoms are severe or persistent, a healthcare professional may prescribe stronger medications or creams.

5.     Prevention: To reduce the risk of swimmer's itch, consider the following preventive measures:

·       Avoid swimming or wading in areas with known cases of swimmer's itch or signs warning of its presence.

·       Towel-dry or shower immediately after leaving the water to remove any parasites on the skin.

·       Do not attract birds or encourage their presence near swimming areas, as they play a role in the life cycle of the parasites.

·       If swimming in infested areas is unavoidable, consider using waterproof lotions or creams that act as a barrier on the skin to prevent penetration by the parasites.

It's important to note that swimmer's itch is a self-limiting condition, and the symptoms usually resolve without complications. However, if symptoms worsen, persist, or become accompanied by signs of infection, it is advisable to seek medical attention for further evaluation and appropriate treatment.

 

 

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