Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis)
Swimmer's itch, also known as cercarial dermatitis
or avian schistosome dermatitis, is a skin condition that occurs after exposure
to certain parasites found in freshwater bodies such as lakes, ponds, and
rivers. It is caused by the larvae of certain parasites, particularly flatworms
called schistosomes, that are normally found in the bloodstream of water birds
and mammals.
Here are
some key points about swimmer's itch:
1. Causes: Swimmer's itch is caused
by an allergic reaction to the larvae of certain parasites, typically
schistosomes, that are released into the water by infected snails. When these
larvae come into contact with human skin, they can burrow into the upper layers
of the skin, causing an allergic reaction and resulting in swimmer's itch.
2. Transmission: Swimmer's itch is
not contagious and cannot be directly transmitted from person to person. It is
acquired through exposure to water bodies inhabited by infected snails. The
parasites infect the snails, multiply, and are released into the water. When
humans come into contact with the contaminated water, the parasites can
penetrate the skin and cause the allergic reaction.
3. Symptoms: The symptoms of
swimmer's itch typically appear within hours after exposure to contaminated
water and may include:
·
Itchy skin
·
Redness or
rash
·
Small,
raised bumps or blisters
·
Tingling or
burning sensation
·
In some
cases, mild fever, headache, or fatigue
4. Treatment: In most cases,
swimmer's itch does not require medical treatment and resolves on its own
within a week or two. However, there are measures that can help alleviate
symptoms and promote healing:
·
Avoid
scratching the affected area to prevent further irritation or potential
infection.
·
Applying
cool compresses or taking cool showers may help relieve itching.
·
Over-the-counter
anti-itch creams or lotions, such as calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream,
can provide temporary relief.
·
Oral
antihistamines may be recommended to reduce itching and allergic reactions.
·
In rare
cases, if symptoms are severe or persistent, a healthcare professional may
prescribe stronger medications or creams.
5. Prevention: To reduce the risk
of swimmer's itch, consider the following preventive measures:
·
Avoid
swimming or wading in areas with known cases of swimmer's itch or signs warning
of its presence.
·
Towel-dry
or shower immediately after leaving the water to remove any parasites on the
skin.
·
Do not
attract birds or encourage their presence near swimming areas, as they play a
role in the life cycle of the parasites.
·
If swimming
in infested areas is unavoidable, consider using waterproof lotions or creams
that act as a barrier on the skin to prevent penetration by the parasites.
It's
important to note that swimmer's itch is a self-limiting condition, and the
symptoms usually resolve without complications. However, if symptoms worsen,
persist, or become accompanied by signs of infection, it is advisable to seek
medical attention for further evaluation and appropriate treatment.
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